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This newsletter
is published by the Ethics Resource Center.
** The Vulnerability of American Institutions (or All Too Quiet on the Ethics Front) The past two years have been relatively quiet on the government ethics front and one might be tempted to conclude that politicians and civil servants no longer confront systemic ethics issues. Unfortunately, it is more likely that these ethically fragile institutions are more vulnerable than ever; that the national tragedies and global challenges of the last few years have papered over many issues that would have been of significant public concern just a decade ago. Ignoring these issues may even implicitly encourage officials and civil servants to test the ethics envelope. And, according to preliminary findings of the ERC's National Business Ethics Survey (to be released in late May 2003), employees are more likely to see unethical behavior in government than in the private sector, even after Enron and Worldcom. There are major points of vulnerability in all areas. In Congress: Although both houses of Congress have ethics committees with sophisticated staff, they are handcuffed because of the perceived politicization of ethics accusations. As an example, during the past five years the House of Representatives has been operating under what their own members have characterized as an ethics truce. This stalemate sets the stage for unprecedented scandals in the future. Adding fuel to the fire, the House recently liberalized rules on accepting meals and gifts for themselves and their staffs. The system may not be bankrupt, but neither is in under control. In State Legislatures: There are additional ethical vulnerabilities for legislators at the state level. Because most state legislators serve only part-time, they are confronted with a host of conflicts of interest. Yet, there is little ethics oversight of state legislators' activities and they receive little or no training to sensitize them to the ethical issues they confront. If we are to have "citizen-legislators," we owe them the protections afforded through clear guidance and serious ethical education. It is both naïve and dangerous to assume that everyone knows "ethics." State legislators, and local councilmen and women, are some of the most ethically vulnerable people in government. In the Judiciary: Also troubling is the ethical situation of the judiciary. Most Americans do not realize that the vast majority of state judges are elected. A recent study by the Committee for Economic Development noted that almost 27,000 of the 30,000 judges are elected in the United States. Historically, this has not been a problem. Recently, however, competing interests have vied to seat judges who are favorable to their point of view. The cost of these elections has gone up dramatically, and one foreseeable result of the mammoth infusions of money is actual corruption of judges - or at least a perception that justice can be bought. (See "Justice for Hire: Improving Judicial Selection", by the Committee for Economic Development, at http://www.ced.org/docs/report/report_judicial.pdf ) At the Executive Level: Even with the most sophisticated ethics apparatus, the executive branch at federal, state and municipal levels faces significant vulnerabilities. As governments increase the amount of privatization and "contracting out," many agencies are left with skeleton management teams who have limited skills to oversee the contracts for which they are responsible. Even worse, many functions that have been contracted out were previously considered inherently governmental, arguably even elements of U.S. foreign and domestic policy-making. Finally, political appointees are paid relatively little compared to their private sector counterparts, leaving the door open for temptation, perceived conflicts of interest, and out-and-out corruption. Although there has been pressure to reduce the complexity of ethics oversight, serious vulnerabilities remain in political and civil service, from the council chamber to the presidency. Because governments have shied away from values-based ethics systems in favor of compliance only programs, employees often see a very fine distinction between good conduct and misconduct. For many of them, the tendency is to ask whether an action violates the law, not if it exemplifies behavior that the American people expect from their public servants. Ironically, because they are so hard to understand, overly complex rules might actually lead to misbehavior or corruption. The governments of many countries, including Canada and New Zealand, incorporate values into their ethics systems instead of relying on complex laws and regulations. Adopting values-based programs in U.S. government institutions would help to emphasize the positive values of public service and provide a clear vision of the obligations Americans expect from those who work for them. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** Links to Government Codes of Conduct, Ethics Sites and Regulations The Resource section of the ERC website contains links to organizations whose focus is government ethics. Many of these sites provide information and resources that can assist the various branches of government in responding to the issues raised in the president's column. Some of the sites listed are:
Get more information
about these and other organizations related to government ethics
at: The ERC site
also includes a list of links to state ethics offices and codes
of conduct, at: For links to United States Government ethics offices, see the article in this issue on "United States Government Ethics Sites." In response to an idea suggested by the ERC Fellows Program, Programs Manager Jerry Brown has collected a list of government websites that might be useful in tracking articles related to new corporate ethics and governance legislation. These include:
See links to
U.S. government regulations sites at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** OGE Proposes New Post-employment Regulations On February 18, 2003, the United States Office of Government Ethics (OGE) published a proposed rule that would provide guidance concerning post-employment restrictions on Executive Branch employees. The proposed regulations would substantially amend the existing interim rule at 5 C.F.R. part 2641 and would revoke the old post-employment regulations at 5 C.F.R. part 2637. When published in its final form, the rule will be the first comprehensive interpretive guidance, in regulation form, concerning 18 U.S.C. § 207 since that statute was substantially revised by the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 and subsequent amendments. Comments on the proposed rule are due at OGE on or before May 19, 2003. Read a copy
of the proposed rule (PDF) at: Read OGE Director
Amy Comstock's memo to agency ethics officials concerning the proposed
rules at: ERC Fellows Chairman and former OGE Director Stephen Potts, Esq., notes that OGE's rule-making on post-employment restrictions is a topic that should interest both current federal employees and prospective employers. "We are different than many countries," he notes, "in that we encourage cross-fertilization [of government and private sector]." The period during which Mr. Potts served at OGE (1990 to 2000) was one of evolution for rules governing post-employment conflicts of interest. In fact, it was an early executive order from President George H.W. Bush mandating that OGE develop a code of conduct for the executive branch that originally drew Mr. Potts to the office, with the belief that Presidential attention would help the ethics office gain visibility and resources. The Clinton administration tightened the existing post-employment rules by having individuals agree to additional restrictions in their employment contracts with the government. Although pared down by OGE, many of these contractual restrictions were quite burdensome, and had they been strictly enforced, would have made it difficult to fill executive branch positions. Before Mr. Potts left his position at OGE in 2000, however, the office had started drafting language for the new regulations restricting post-employment conduct. With the new rules as well as the old, training is key, and OGE has produced materials, pamphlets, videos, and even a game to assist the various agencies. Mr. Potts explains that all executive branch employees get a briefing on the ethics rules when they join the government workforce and higher-ranking employees are required to have yearly training on government ethics. Still, Mr. Potts agrees that the complexity of the rules causes many employees to view ethics as a compliance issue, as noted by ERC President Stuart Gilman in his president's column. During his tenure, in fact, Mr. Potts says that he tried to change the way employees were educated about the rules and to emphasize the values behind them, but, with an entity as large as the federal government, it was "like trying to turn an ocean liner - it takes a lot of time and effort to move it a little bit in the right direction." For OGE forms,
publications and other ethics documents, visit: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** United States Government Ethics Sites OGE is the supervising ethics office for the executive branch only. Each branch of the Federal Government is responsible for its own ethics program and in the case of the legislative branch, each house has its own committee. Information on these offices can be found at the following links:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** A Tribute to Government Efficiency The time worn punch line, "I'm from the government and I'm here to help you" pokes fun at the tendency of bureaucracies to do things the hard way. In the case of the FirstGov.gov website, says ERC Programs Manager Jerry Brown, a government entity has gotten something really right. According to the frequently asked questions page at the FirstGov site, the "objective is to provide a free service, enabling the global community to easily and rapidly find U.S. government information that has been posted on the Internet. It offers a powerful search engine and an index of web-accessible government information and services to help you find what you need." In this review, Jerry Brown, ERC Programs Manager and longtime web-searcher, takes a look at whether and how the site meets its promises. Read Jerry's
Review of FirstGov.gov and see samples of search results at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** Institutions of Integrity in the United States "Public Sector Transparency and Accountability: Making it Happen", published in 2002 by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), presents the papers discussed at the Latin American Forum on Ensuring Transparency and Accountability in the Public Sector that took place in December 2001. That Forum brought together more than 450 ministers, senators, senior government officials, business leaders, representatives of international organizations, non-government organizations and the media from OECD countries, Latin America and the Caribbean. The book includes a paper by ERC President Stuart Gilman on "Institutions of Integrity in the United States" in which he writes: "The essence of anticorruption laws and systems in democracies is that they serve to assure the public that government is working in the public's interest. This paper will focus on the manifold anticorruption systems the United States has developed to retain the confidence of its people in governmental institutions. It will highlight the fundamental interfaces and tensions between the various institutions that have been created, and how conflicts over responsibilities are resolved." The paper focuses primarily on the federal level of United States Government and touches on such topics as historical background, compliance versus integrity, prevention, investigation, prosecution, and protection of whistle-blowers. The book is
available to "browse before you buy" * at: Purchase the
book at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** Public Integrity Journal Governance is changing rapidly, and change brings compelling ethical challenges. Public Integrity, a journal on ethics and leadership in public service, is sponsored by the American Society for Public Administration, International City/County Management Association, Ethics Resource Center, Council of State Governments, and the Council on Governmental Ethics Laws. Written for scholars and practitioners as well as citizens, it features refereed articles, case studies, exemplar profiles, field reports, commentaries, and book reviews on a broad spectrum of ethical concerns in local, state, national, and international affairs. The Winter 2002-2003 issue contains the following articles:
ERC President Stuart Gilman, Principal Consultant Frank Navran, Research Manager Joshua Joseph and Consultant Wilson Abney sit on the Editorial Board of Public Integrity, which is published quarterly by M.E. Sharpe, Inc. Read more about
Public Integrity and/or subscribe at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** The Elements of a National Integrity System "The Transparency International (TI) Source Book: Confronting Corruption, The Elements of a National Integrity System," sets out TI's framework for strengthening integrity systems and describes practical reforms that can be taken in each sector of society. According to the TI website, the first version of this Source Book established the concept of the "national integrity system" in the vocabulary of anti-corruption activists throughout the world. "The ultimate goal of establishing a national integrity system is to make corruption a 'high risk' and 'low return' undertaking. The priority should be to minimise the possibilities for corruption occurring in the first place, but in ways that do not impose unwarranted costs or needless restrictions that might obstruct people from doing their jobs effectively. The quest for integrity ought not to render government dysfunctional." The Source Book flags six main areas of reform which can help implement an overall anti-corruption strategy, including leadership, public programs, government reorganization, law enforcement, public awareness, and the creation of institutions to prevent corruption. Included in the five major sections of the book are Rules and Practices for Institutional Pillars, Lessons Learned and Emerging Best Practices. Regularly updated and published both in print and on the TI web site, the Source Book has been translated into several major languages and is being adapted to different legal and political systems. Read more about
the TI Source Book at: Download the
entire publication as a compressed PDF file at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** Speaker Papers from IIPE 2002 Conference Available Online In October 2002, ERC President Stuart Gilman and ERC Fellows Program Chair Stephen Potts, Esq. made presentations at the International Institute for Public Ethics (IIPE) Biennial Conference in Brisbane, Australia. A brief discussion of their presentations appeared in the November 2003 issue of Ethics Today, which can be read online at /today/et_v1n31102.html. Over 35 papers presented at the conference on the theme of "Restructuring "the Public Interest" in a Globalising World: Business, the Professions and the Public Sector" are now available online. Get PDF copies
of IIPE 2002 conference papers at: The topic of
each paper is not listed with the speaker's name in the link above,
so you may wish to first view a copy of the final program at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** Opinion Poll: Different Standards for Government Employees and the Military Should government employees and members of the military be held to higher standards than the rest of the public? Take our April
poll at: Last Month's Poll: In March we asked what you considered to be the best time to talk with children about values.
See the results
of last month's poll at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** Ethics Resource Center Annual Report Now Online The 2002 Annual Report is now available online as a PDF. The printed version is available by sending a request to ethics@ethics.org. The annual report reflects the efforts of the supporters of the ERC, employees, and partners - all of whom share a common goal of building ethical leadership and integrity worldwide. Read the Annual
Report at: To help us improve
the quality of the information we provide, we invite you to complete
our online annual report survey at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** Nominations Sought for Pace Award for Ethics and Leadership The ERC Fellows Program announces a call for nominations for the 2003 Stanley C. Pace Ethics and Leadership Award. The award honors an organization, individual, or group of individuals who displays excellence in the ethics field. Nominations are due by June 1, 2003 and will be voted on at the July 2003 ERC Fellows meeting. The nominee should have:
The recipient, in keeping with the spirit of the ERC Fellows Program, may represent the corporate, nonprofit, academic and governmental sectors. Past recipients include:
Read more about
the Pace Award at: View and print
the nomination form at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** Facilitation Payments Put Companies in Precarious Position In an article entitled "Facilitation Payments: Whether considered custom or bribery, they put companies in a precarious position", the ERC Fellows write: "In the aftermath of Watergate and U.S. Senate hearings that exposed widespread foreign bribery by U.S. corporations, the Congress in 1977 approved the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), which prohibits the payment of bribes to foreign government officials. Given the array of post-Enron corporate ethics scandals, it is useful to take another look at the FCPA. One of its provisions explicitly exempts from the FCPA payments by U.S. companies to low level foreign officials to speed up or obtain routine administrative processes. These 'facilitation payments' are thus legal under our law, but they are illegal in virtually all the developing countries where U.S. companies use them. And, if we are going to start cleaning up corporate ethics here at home in the wake of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other measures, then perhaps its time to clean up ambiguities in the FCPA as well." Read the rest
of this article by the ERC Fellows at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** Ask the Expert: How to Improve Leadership Ethics A member of the United States Army asks, "I want to improve the values of the leadership in my company. I know what values are, as well as ethics and beliefs, but how do I go about getting the leadership to "really" care? Is there a good technique in "teaching" ethics and values to people?" ERC Programs Manager Jerry Brown talks about the following three issues in his response:
Read Jerry's
response at: For more on
military leadership, ethics and responsibility, read Ken Johnson's
April 2001 speech to the Cadets at Valley Forge Military Academy
& College, on "The Joy in Taking Responsibility" at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** NBES Press Conference Scheduled for May 21, 2003 ERC's 2003 National Business Ethics Survey: How Employees Perceive Ethics at Work On Wednesday, May 21, 2003 the Ethics Resource Center (ERC) will release the results of the landmark National Business Ethics Survey (NBES) in a press conference at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. The press conference is scheduled for 12pm - 1:30pm. "This is the ERC's third iteration of the NBES," says ERC President Stuart Gilman. "It asks employees about formal ethics programs as well as informal ethics practices in the organizations for which they work." "Unlike some ethics surveys that focus only on management or on particular industries," he adds, "the NBES includes employees of all job levels across the private, public and nonprofit sectors." Presenters include: Ira A. Lipman, Chairman of the Board and President, Guardsmark, LLC; Stuart C. Gilman, Ph.D., President of the Ethics Resource Center; Joshua Joseph, ERC Research Manager and author of the study. For information on the press conference, e-mail ERC Communications Manager Nicole Germain or call 202-872-4768. For more information about the ERC, visit our online information kit, which includes:
The information
kit is available at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** What the Schools Can Teach Us about Ethics The editors of Ethikos magazine have graciously granted permission to reprint the article written by Managing Director Patricia J. Harned, Ph.D. and Associate Consultant Kathryn M. Sutliff, M.A.T., which was published in the January 2003 issue of Ethikos. The article, entitled " What The Schools Can Teach Us About Nurturing Values" proposes that, by looking at the successes and failures of the educational world's efforts to impart values and nurture ethical behavior, business can discover which strategies work and which do not. The authors discuss the "seven deadly sins" of any ethics initiative, which include: 1. See no evil,
hear no evil… When it comes to the teaching and learning of ethics, say the authors, there is something CEOs can learn from elementary and secondary school teachers, and thus, the discussion of each "sin" ends with a valuable lesson for business. Read the full
text of this article at: For more information
about Ethikos, visit: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** IBE Survey Asks "Does Business Ethics Pay?" A new survey published by the Institute for Business Ethics (IBE) provides evidence that conducting business with integrity and fairness is not only morally right, but also worthwhile. This research report by Simon Webley and Elise More compared the performance of a sample from FTSE 350 companies with an available code of ethics to a similar sample of those without. According to the IBE press release, "the research is the most thorough study ever carried out in the UK of the relationship between business ethics and business performance in large companies. Using four indicators of business success - economic value added (EVA), market value added (MVA), price/earnings ratio volatility (P/E ratio), and return on capital employed (ROCE) - it compared two groups of companies: those with a demonstrable commitment to ethical behaviour through having a published code of business ethics, and those without. Their performances were then analysed over the five years 1997-2001. On three of the four indicators (EVA, MVA, P/E) the companies with codes were clearly superior, and on ROCE the results were less clear but supported the overall trend." Read the Press
Release at: Read the Executive
Summary at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** Publications andMedia Coverage -- The third-ranking officer in the Jasper County (MO) Sheriff's Department was charged with taking money that was collected as donations for the Salvation Army. In his March 2 editorial "Why $87 should matter to you", Joplin Globe editor Edgar Simpson said that the real reason to care about allegations of theft of such a relatively small amount is the picture it paints of the culture of the sheriff's department. Mr. Simpson referred to the ERC's research, stating that these studies have concluded " what we all know - those who set the policy also set the tone and, ultimately, the values of any institution, company or agency... If those values are bad, the agency eventually goes bad." He also made note of the findings of the ERC's 2000 National Business Ethics Survey, which show that when employees perceive formal and informal leaders are ethical, they:
Read the full
article at:
Read the full
story at: -- ERC President Stuart Gilman was also interviewed for a March 13 article in the Toronto Globe and Mail about Canadian PM candidate Paul Martin's move to transfer control of his Canada Steamship Lines empire to his sons, which has sparked renewed calls for a cabinet ethics commissioner who is appointed by Parliament and reports to Parliament, rather than to the prime minister. Stuart suggested that the ethics commissioner could report to both the prime minister and a parliamentary committee, like inspectors-general of U.S. departments. He explained that unquestioned independence is needed because, although Mr. Martin's transferring of his CSL shares to his sons removes the danger of violating the legal definition of conflict, it does not solve all problems. "Typically that has been ... discouraged, because … what remains is the appearance of conflict," he said.
Read the Daily
Star article "Anti-corruption activists debate how to promote
transparency" at:
Get more information
about this article and Human Relations journal at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** News from the ERC -- ERC President Stuart Gilman spoke at the March 16 Founders' Forum on "Public Service Ethics: State of the Art" at the 2003 Conference of the American Society for Public Administration. The Forum honors the founders of ASPA with sessions dedicated to research results, theoretical papers and other contributions to public administration scholarship. Stuart shared a podium with Carol Lewis, University of Connecticut, on the topic "Scholarship, Ideology, and Reality: The Very Inexact Science of Muddling Through In Public Service Ethics." The authors discussed the development of public administration ethics from the post-World War II years to the present, noting "public administrators and researchers in the field paid little attention to the applied issues of administrative ethics until the post-Watergate era." After considering the research and rationale behind the academic, professional and theoretical resurgence of ethics in public administration, they concluded by raising several questions that must be included in any discussion about the future of public administration ethics. "First," they asked, "do ethics programs--compliance, values, etc.--make a difference in the organizational culture, a difference that can be measured and evaluated? And, second, do high visibility ethics programs and codes add to the public trust or undermine it?" Read more about
the Founders' Forum at the 2003 ASPA Conference at: Read more about
ARI Movement at: Read more about
TEDMER at: -- On March 20, International Programs Director Alex Zalami and Development Coordinator Allison Pendell-Jones met with a Merck delegation comprised of four directors and managers from MSD Brazil and MSD Caribbean. After being briefed on the ERC, its international programs and how the ERC typically approaches new international ventures, the meeting participants discussed the prospects of ERC and Merck partnering to establish a national center of ethics in Brazil. The group also discussed the possibility of setting up a multi-sector ethics initiative (healthcare, government and business) in the Caribbean Region. Merck Co., Inc., and The Merck Company Foundation began supporting the ERC in 1997 with the establishment of the Gulf Center for Excellence in Ethics (GCEE) in the United Arab Emirates. With the continued financial assistance of Merck, the ERC has been able to replicate the model of the GCEE by launching centers in Colombia, South Africa and Turkey. Read more about Merck's work to promote ethical business practices at: http://www.merck.com/about/cr/policies_performance/social/ethicalpractices.html Learn more about
the ERC's international ethics centers at:
-- In May 2003, the Korean Government will host the 11th International Anti-Corruption Conference (IACC) and Global Forum III on Fighting Corruption and Safeguarding Integrity together as the 2003 Seoul Conference. ERC President Stuart Gilman and International Programs Director Alex Zalami will participate in the conferences. The IACC, to be held in Seoul from May 25-28, is a global forum for information exchange, training, agenda setting and networking, aiming to produce concrete results that galvanize global anti-corruption efforts. The program of the 11th IACC will include a series of stimulating plenaries addressed by prominent leaders from around the world. This year's conference is organized jointly by the Ministry of Justice, Republic of Korea, the IACC Council, Transparency International, and Transparency International-Korea. Global Forum III, to take place in Seoul from May 29-31, is a gathering of government officials from around the world to share experiences, refine understanding about effective practices, and search for new and better ways to defeat corruption. The primary objective of the Forum is to promote and facilitate the international exchange of effective methodologies for and experiences with anti-corruption, thereby cultivating a worldwide network of cooperation against this issue. More information
about both conferences can be found at:
- Associate Consultant Leslie Altizer joined the ERC in March of 2003 and works with all Programs departments on projects including proposals, consulting, research and data analysis. He received his Master's of Sciences Degree from Radford University in May of 2002, in the field of Industrial/Organizational Psychology. Leslie attended Emory & Henry College where he obtained his Bachelor of Art's Degree in Psychology, with a Minor in Philosophy. He has presented research papers at the American Psychological Association Regional Conference (Baltimore, MD, 2000) and the Industrial Organizational - Organizational Behavior Regional Conference (State College, PA, 2001). Leslie has extensive experience with research, data analysis and organizational development strategies, including past research on the relation of juror gender to jury decisions and potential reasons why police officers may be deemed unsuccessful. - Mary Frances Ford joined the ERC in October 2002 as an intern in the International Programs before joining the staff full time as an Associate Consultant. She is also acting as the Interim Manager of the Fellows Program while Ingrid Matuszewski is on leave. Prior to joining the ERC, Mary Frances was an intern at the Legal Project, Inc, where she helped create a unique legal aid program to assist immigrant women. She graduated from Amherst College with a B.A. in Law, Jurisprudence & Social Thought and American Studies, where she completed an Honors Thesis in American Studies. She is currently working on her Masters of Public Policy (M.P.P) in International Policy Development, with a specialization in International Law, from Georgetown University's Public Policy Institute. - Siobhan McGarry joined the Ethics Resource Center in the fall of 2002 as an intern and is now employed as an Associate Consultant in International Programs, assisting in the development of proposals for global ethics centers. Prior to working at the ERC, Siobhan worked in college admissions at Boston College and for a municipal government in St.Louis, Missouri. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in French (with Honors) and Sociology from Boston College, where she completed an Honors Thesis in French on the socio-cultural effects of the absorption of American English words into the French language. Prior to graduating, she also completed coursework in literature and sociology at the Université de Paris VII. Siobhan is currently working on her Masters in Public Policy in International Policy and Development at Georgetown's Public Policy Institute, Georgetown University. - Development Coordinator and Executive Assistant Allison Pendell-Jones works with the Director of Development in fund-raising efforts, and grants management. She collaborates with other members of the development and communications staff to implement the overall development and communications strategy and increase the contributed income and the visibility of the ERC. Allison is also responsible for Board development and relations and acts as executive assistant to the President. Prior to working for ERC, Allison was a Coordinator of Academic Support Services at Florida State University and worked for the AmeriCorps VISTA volunteer program in Evansville, Indiana, as a Micro-Enterprise Program Coordinator and Peer-Lending Program Supervisor. Allison has a B.A. in International Affairs from University of Evansville and an M.S. in International Affairs from Florida State University. For more information
about ERC staff, please visit our Staff Directory at: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ** Offering Our Thanks As a non-profit organization, the Ethics Resource Center depends on contributions from many generous donors. Without their dedication and trust, many of the programs and projects highlighted in this newsletter would not be possible.
Give a MAXIMize
the Moment scholarship to a school of your choice or one of our
scholarship applicants at: The ERC thanks the following for their contributions of general support:
We invite you
to join our loyal contributors in lending your support. To find
out how to contribute or to donate online, go to: We invite you
to join our loyal contributors in lending your support. To find
out how to contribute or to donate online, go to: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Ethics Resource Center (ERC) is a non-profit, non-partisan educational organization exempt from taxation under the Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. All gifts are tax-deductible to the fullest extent of the law.
Copyright (c)
2002 Ethics Resource Center. All rights reserved. Please contact ethics@ethics.org for information about reproducing any of the information contained within this newsletter or on our web site. Back issues of Ethics Today are available online at: /today/et_archives.html The Ethics Resource
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